In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mostly due to lack of oxygen in Nb2O5, applied as being a Uncooked product initial melt (Czochralski approach) [186]. Appropriately, depending on its manufacturing engineering, niobium pentoxide can undertake a variety of compositions Nb2O5−x. Hence, https://-lithiumniobatecrystal83849.isblog.net/an-unbiased-view-of-lithium-niobate-crystal-49671227